Tuesday, May 8, 2018

Principals, Allies, and Advocacy

A recurring issue in social justice movements has been the role that allies of oppressed groups play in the movements.  What has become a truism is that the direct victims of marginalization should, if at all possible, be the principal advocates for their own liberation.  Allies are vitally important, but should not "take over” the movements; allies need to be aware that their privilege as non-oppressed groups should not be used, even inadvertently, to re-marginalize those they wish to help.  

The formula is not so simple when advocating for children (including pre-schoolers) who may be LGBTQ+.  Parents must advocate for their children, and, by necessity, must be the principal advocates when their children are not prepared to take (and should not be expected to take) the load of advocating for themselves.  A variation of this refrain was heard from many of the Parkland students regarding gun policy after the mass murder at their school.  As David Hogg said said, "Please.  We are children.  You guys are, like, the adults.  Take action, work together, cover over your politics, and get something done." So parents are not simply allies; they must serve as principals, as well. 

In a recent Facebook thread, Lee Blinder noted that “there are LGBTQ+ adults here in the community, many like me who attended MoCo schools.”  Lee advised Board of Education Member Jill Ortman-Fouse, that “for the best results . . . MCPS begin to seek guidance from those community members, and allow our allies like David [Fishback] to support us in our leadership on those endeavors. We have the connections and the knowledge to know the needs of the community the best.”

Later in the thread, Lee wrote that “PFLAG chapters in this area need to start to serve its function which is to educate and support parents of LGBTQ+ better and to let LGBTQ+ persons ourselves lead on policy.  Outreach to unsupportive parents and helping parents overcome barriers to supporting their youth, and for parents to have resiliency and support in their advocacy for their youth is the work that PFLAG is perfectly suited to do.”
 
I am Maryland Advocacy Chair for the Metro DC Chapter of PFLAG (formerly known as Parents, Families, and Friends of Lesbians and Gays – we just use the acronym now because the scope of our concerns reaches beyond sexual orientation and includes gender identity, as well).  I agree that members of the LGBTQ+ community should be deeply involved in leadership on these issues, and not simply rely on their parents to carry the ball.  Indeed, I welcome such involvement.  I certainly fail to see how PFLAG is not "let[ting] LGBTQ+ persons ourselves lead on policy."  Over the last 16 years, MCPS has listened to all who have useful ideas on how to proceed, and never once has PFLAG gotten in anyone's way.   

More to the point, who should be involved as “leadership” is not a binary choice.  This is not an either/or question. Supportive parents know their children, and families know their needs, just as LGBTQ+ people have perspectives that should be listened to and appreciated.  As a straight cisgender man, I do not  know everything there is to know about LGBTQ+ children; but, similarly, as an LGBTQ+ person, Lee does not  know everything there is to know about my children.  All of us must be part of the mix. 

I have been very pleased to see members of the LGBTQ+ community in Montgomery County become more active in local matters.  Earlier this year, Mark Eckstein Bernardo, a gay man and the father of two MCPS students, was, at my suggestion, named Vice Chair for Maryland Advocacy for Metro DC PFLAG.  (I have been working on LGBTQ+ issues in Montgomery County for 16 years, and, having reached three score and ten, I know there must be a successor.)

PFLAG Community Groups

Lee states that “PFLAG chapters in this area need to start to serve its function which is to educate and support parents of LGBTQ+ better," including "helping parents overcome barriers to supporting their youth, and for parents to have resiliency and support in their advocacy for their youth."  I am compelled to note that this is, and has been for many years, precisely the main focus of PFLAG.  Metro DC PFLAG has 16 community groups in the Washington DC metropolitan area, three of which are located in Montgomery County, providing the assistance Lee recommends.  The vast majority of PFLAG volunteers do the work of the community groups.  Indeed, my introduction to PFLAG occurred when our younger son came out in 1997 and gave my wife and me the contact information for the PFLAG community group at Cedar Lane Unitarian Universalist Church in Bethesda. 

I suspect that Lee is not questioning the efficacy of the community groups for those who attend them; indeed, I have no idea what Lee's basis for such a criticism would be.  Lee's real point appears to be that PFLAG should do a better job reaching out "to unsupportive parents [which] is the work that PFLAG is perfectly suited to do.”  Reaching out to families who are not supportive of their LGBTQ+ children has always been a challenge.  We in Metro DC PFLAG are here for them, but I do not know what we can do specifically other than to urge schools and other social services organizations to let students and their parents know that PFLAG community groups are available to them. I do not know how we reach homophobic parents. We are happy to work arm and arm with members of the LGBTQ+ community in Montgomery County to find ways to reach out to those families and to continue to make progress in MCPS.  PFLAG and other groups have been able to do much to change the culture so that more and more families are accepting of their LGBTQ+ children. But I do not know what Metro DC PFLAG, a volunteer organization with virtually no budget, can uniquely do to directly reach families who are so fearful and misinformed about things they do not understand that they throw out their children. I, for one, am certainly open to suggestions.  

PFLAG ADVOCACY

On the advocacy front, where Lee seems to believe that PFLAG should step back, some history is in order:  

The advocacy role of Metro DC PFLAG, particularly with regard to MCPS, came about because of the need to fill a vacuum at the beginning of this century.  At that time, there was virtually no organized local effort to fix the antiquated MCPS health education policies, which barred teachers from even mentioning LGBT matters. The parent voice was pretty much silent when it came to school matters, and, with an important exception noted below, virtually no other voices were being raised. 

The first significant step was the 2002 recommendation of the Board of Education’s Citizens Advisory Committee on Family Life and Human Development (the “CAC”, then chaired by Larry Jacobs, a gay man who was also an MCPS parent) to include discussion of sexual orientation in the health education curriculum.  When Larry retired from the CAC  at the end of that year, I was elected unanimously by the CAC to be the next chair.  As a PFLAG dad, a graduate of MCPS, and the father of two gay MCPS graduates, I understood how important the parental voice was in moving the ball forward.  If parents did not stand up for their children, who else would?  There were gay members of the CAC, and they contributed to the CAC discussions, but I was the one they chose to take the lead. 

Later, when a right-wing law suit threatened to upend our progress, I became Advocacy Chair for the Metro DC PFLAG chapter, and pressed MCPS and worked with the Board of Education to stay on track, and we eventually secured a strong foundation for progress, including a secondary school health education curriculum that accurately presents matters involving sexual orientation and gender identity and a comprehensive set of policies protecting against discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity.  See https://www.pflag.org/blog/curriculumvictorymontgomerycounty and http://davidfishback.blogspot.com/2017/03/recap-and-resources-sexual-orientation.html

PFLAG also confronted efforts by PFOX ("Parents and Friends of Ex-Gays," a right-wing front group) to spread lies about so-called “conversion” or “reparative" therapies, when PFOX annually distributed flyers in a number of MCPS high schools from 2006-10.   MCPS believed it could not bar the flyers because of a court decision finding that if flyer distribution was allowed, MCPS could not discriminate based on “viewpoint.” Nor did the MCPS Administration, until 2012, take a position opposing the message of the flyers.  Each time, when no one else took an organized stand against the PFOX flyers, PFLAG distributed its own flyers in every high school explaining that all mainstream American medical and mental health professional associations condemned those practices as dangerous and ineffective.  Finally, when PFOX distributed flyers in 2012, PFLAG not only distributed flyers again, but, as Advocacy Chair, I successfully took on PFOX/Family Research Council spokesman Peter Sprigg in a locally-televised debate.  The resulting furor convinced the Board of Education to cancel the high school flyer distribution program altogether.  When no other organized group stood up to PFOX and the Family Research Council, PFLAG did.

More recently, when transgender students and their families had difficulty navigating MCPS, PFLAG worked with MCPS to get stakeholder input to the MCPS policies on gender identity (virtually all of which MCPS adopted) and then stepped up to urge MCPS to post its official policy on its website, which it did in 2016. This was necessary, because not all MCPS school administrators were aware of the policies.  In the nearly two years since the website posting, families have found it much easier to work with the system.  

In the last couple of years, two Montgomery County PFLAG moms, including Stephanie Kreps (who is also founder of the Rainbow Youth Alliance), have been meeting with secondary school GSAs, and have been instrumental in assuring that such clubs can be formed in middle, as well as high schools.  They and I have worked with families of transgender students to inform them of their rights, and help them navigate the increasingly friendly MCPS waters.  

PFLAG has been well-positioned to advance the interests of students.  Any suggestion that our activity has somehow has interfered with the ability of LGBTQ+ people to be prime advocates for LGBTQ+ interests has no basis in fact. We need and want more people to pitch in. All stakeholders need, in the now-immortal words of Lin Manuel Miranda in Hamilton, to be “in the room when it happens.”  (I should also note that a large percentage of the Board of Directors of Metro DC PFLAG are LGBT, as is a large portion of the National PFLAG staff, with whom we have closely worked.) 

EMERGENCE OF LGBTQ+ ADVOCATES

So that is the history of the last 16 years.  But just because something worked well in one era, does not mean that it will be the optimal approach in the future.  It is important that LGBTQ+ students and adults become part of the mix, as well. PFLAG should not have to stand alone as the only organized group advocating for LGBTQ+ students at MCPS.  It is encouraging, for example, to see LGBTQ+ students, like Jamie Griffithbe advocates for themselves and their peers.  And Jamie is not the only one.  One of the things we have been doing behind the scenes is to help train students to be self-advocates.  Happily, more and more students are doing it on their own, without PFLAG.  

One of the most gratifying things to emerge from the campaign to name the new Rockville elementary school after Bayard Rustin was the effectiveness of members of the LGBTQ+ community, organized by Mark Eckstein Bernardo, in explaining the wisdom of that name choice.  Parents and other allies of LGBTQ+ students weighed in heavily, but the testimony of LGBTQ+ students and LGBTQ+ MCPS graduates was the key.  See, e.g., here and here.  The expanding circle of advocates on MCPS matters is a great thing for Montgomery County. 

It is also noteworthy that LGBTQ+ people in Montgomery County are organizing around other important issues, notably the problem of homelessness among LGBTQ+ youth, who have been thrown out of their homes.  Here, PFLAGers are best positioned to be allies, as we were in the campaigns to secure Civil Marriage Equality and Anti-Discrimination Laws in both Montgomery County and the State of Maryland.  

***********

To summarize, Metro DC PFLAG has played, and should continue to play, an important role in helping MCPS become an increasingly welcoming and embracing place for LGBTQ+ students and their families.  We respect and applaud advocacy from others in the LGBTQ+ community in Montgomery County, and look forward to working together.  All of us are principals in this effort.  Together, we are stronger and more effective.

Thursday, April 19, 2018

Blog Posts on LGBTQ Matters in Montgomery County


















http://davidfishback.blogspot.com/2018/04/thank-you-note-to-montgomery-county.html






Monday, April 16, 2018

Thank you note to the Montgomery County Board of Education

MoCo BOE Members Michael Durso, Shebra Evans, Jeanette Dixon, Judith Docca,
Patricia O'Neill, Jill Ortman-Fouse, Matthew Post, and Rebecca Smondrowski



Below is the thank you letter sent today to the Montgomery County Board of Education.  It is always useful to let public officials know when they have made good decisions.  

Montgomery County Board of Education
Carver Educational Center
850 Hungerford Drive
Rockville, MD 20850
boe@mcpsmd.org
RE: Naming of Richard Montgomery Cluster Elementary School # 5 after Bayard Rustin
Dear President Durso, Vice President Evans, and Members O'Neill, Docca, Smondrowski, Ortman-Fouse, Dixon, and Post:
I want to thank you not just for the decision to name the new Richard Montgomery Cluster elementary school after Bayard Rustin, but for your thoughtful discussion of the matter. It is heartwarming to know that every member of the Board is so supportive of LGBTQ inclusion and embrace, regardless of their final vote. The choice was not between a good choice and a bad choice, but rather between good choices.
Thank you for making the choice that so many of us in Montgomery County believe will do the most good.
I have written and posted on Facebook what I hope is a comprehensive discussion of the April 12 discussion and vote. http://davidfishback.blogspot.com/…/new-elementary-school-i… This blog post includes the link to the Board's discussion, which I commend to readers. As I write at the beginning of the piece, "I have said this often, and I have a great occasion to say it again: I love my hometown, Montgomery County."
Best wishes,
David S. Fishback, Maryland Advocacy Chair
Metro DC Chapter of PFLAG

Saturday, April 14, 2018

New Elementary School in Montgomery County (MD) named after Bayard Rustin

Poster thanking President Obama for posthumously awarding Bayard Rustin the Presidential Medal of Freedom 

I have said this often, and I have a great occasion to say it again:  I love my hometown, Montgomery County.

On April 12, 2018, the Montgomery County Board of Education voted to name the new elementary school in the Richard Montgomery Cluster after openly gay civil rights leader Bayard Rustin.  The Board made that decision after hearing an outpouring of support for the Rustin name from people all over Montgomery County, not just on April 12, but over the last several weeks. See here.

Earlier in the year, the Board passed along four names, including Rustin's, to a 13-member advisory committee made up of residents of the area that the new school will serve.  The local advisory committee recommended a different name, Lillian Brown, a late teacher and principal in the school system who grew up in then-segregated Montgomery County.  But, as Board member Patricia O'Neill noted at the April 12 meeting, the Board heard virtually no support for Brown from other people in the County (including in the Richard Montgomery Cluster) -- in contrast to the enormous support for Rustin.

Perhaps the most persuasive Public Comments testimony for Rustin came from Jamie Griffith, a student at Montgomery Blair High School, which may be heard here.  Other students and graduates, as well as parents, spoke movingly of the importance of recognition of LGBTQ leaders among those after whom schools are named. Symbols matter. The written testimony of seven of these speakers may be found here.  Their, and others', expressions of support clearly moved members of the Board.  Member O'Neill, who has been, for the last decade and a half, the leader on the Board advancing LGBTQ inclusion and embrace, supported the arguments by Rustin proponents that choosing that name would send an important signal to students.  Members Jill Ortman-Fouse and Rebecca Smondrowski clearly displayed great emotion in expressing their well-reasoned support.  Student Board Member Matt Post -- who was so eloquent as one of the speakers at the March 24 March for Our Lives on Pennsylvania Avenue in downtown DC -- was equally eloquent in speaking of classmates who felt that they had be ashamed and closeted because, even in progressive Montgomery County, they did not feel that they would be accepted for who they are. Also voting in favor of Rustin were Members Shebra Evans and Judy Docca.

As Maryland Advocacy Chair for the Metro DC Chapter of PFLAG, I want to thank and congratulate the entire Board, which had a thoughtful and insightful discussion leading up to the vote.  This is true of everyone on the Board, including Michael Durso and Jeanette Dixon, who would have preferred a different name (but also expressed their admiration for Bayard Rustin).  I want to note that both Mr. Durso and Ms. Dixon have been strong supporters of LGBTQ inclusion.  Supporters of the cause do not have to agree on everything.

We have made wise choices over the years in electing the current members of the Board. The video of the April 12 discussion is now up on the Board's website  (Items 5 (Public Comments), 6 (Board member comments on many issues) and 7 (Board discussion and vote on the naming of the new school).  I suggest that it should be viewed by anyone interested in seeing how civil discourse should proceed (in contrast to what we see from federal officials these days).  The Public Comments testimony and the Board's discussion should make us proud to be Montgomery Countians.  (I am glad that I had the opportunity to tell that to President Durso shortly after the vote on April 12.)

Finally, I want to commend Mark Eckstein Bernardo, a parent whose children will attend the new Bayard Rustin Elementary School this autumn, for his excellent work in educating people about Bayard Rustin and encouraging the submission of expressions of support.  Mark is the newly-minted Metro DC PFLAG Maryland Advocacy Vice-Chair.

****************************************************************


Here is the letter I sent to the Board on behalf of the Metro DC Chapter of PFLAG.  I made a similar presentation in person at Public Comments  on April 12.

April 8, 2018

Michael A. Durso, President
Montgomery County Board of Education
850 Hungerford Drive, Room 123
Rockville, MD 20850
via e-mail: boe@mcpsmd.org

RE:  Naming of Richard Montgomery Cluster Elementary School No. 5

Dear President Durso:

As we reflect on the half-century since the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,  the opportunity to name the new Richard Montgomery Cluster elementary school after one of his chief mentors and supporters, Bayard Rustin, is a blessing.

While the other proposed names are, indeed, worthy, it is important to note that only Bayard Rustin is major figure in the contemporary struggle for human rights, including his mentorship of Dr. King at the beginning of Dr. King's career.  As noted on the Stanford University King Institute website ( https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/rustin-bayard ), Rustin, a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi, was the American who introduced Dr. King to the depth of Gandhi's philosophy of creative non-violence, and was instrumental in helping Dr. King implement it.   


As the King Institute biography teaches us:
"Rustin provided King with a deep understanding of nonviolent ideas and tactics at a time when King had only an academic familiarity with Gandhi. Rustin later recalled: 'The glorious thing is that he came to a profoundly deep understanding of nonviolence through the struggle itself, and through reading and discussions which he had in the process of carrying on the protest."  King recognized the advantages of Rustin’s knowledge, contacts, and organizational abilities, and invited him to serve as his advisor, well aware that Rustin’s background would be controversial to other civil rights leaders. As King’s special assistant, Rustin assumed a variety of roles, including proofreader, ghostwriter, philosophy teacher, and nonviolence strategist.
"Rustin was also instrumental in the formation of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), proposing to King in December 1956 that he create a group that would unite black leaders in the South who possess 'ties to masses of people so that their action projects are backed by broad participation of people.'  Rustin developed the guidelines for discussion for the founding meeting of SCLC in January 1957."



Bayard Rustin's selflessness in helping the effort is reflected in his determination to stay in the background, due, in part, to the homophobia of the time.  The King Institute biography notes that

 "[a]lthough Rustin helped draft much of King’s [1958] memoir, Stride Toward Freedom, Rustin would not allow his name to be credited in the book, telling an associate: 'I did not feel that he should bear this kind of burden.'” 

As important as Bayard Rustin's contributions were in the 1950s, perhaps even more significant was his brilliant stage managing of the 1963 March on Washington, which gave Dr. King the platform for his "I Have a Dream" Speech which galvanized the nation.  Again, from the King Institute:  

"In 1963 [the elderly Civil Rights Leader A. Phillip] Randolph began organizing the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Despite the concerns of many civil rights leaders, Rustin was appointed deputy director of the march. In less than two months Rustin guided the organization of an event that would bring over 200,000 participants to the nation’s capital."



This is why the Life Magazine cover following the March on Washington pictured Randolph and Rustin.

As Maryland Advocacy Chair for the Metro DC Chapter of PFLAG, I agree with so many of my fellow Montgomery Countians that selecting the name of Bayard Rustin would sent an important  signal that this community honors a great American who happened to be openly gay at a time when it was dangerous to be open.  

As a VISTA Volunteer in Memphis (1969-70), Co-President of the Rosemary Hills Magnet Primary School (1984-86), a member of the Montgomery County's Martin Luther King, Jr. Commemorative Committee (1986-92), and a member of the Richard Montgomery High School PTSA Executive Committee (1996-99), I relate in this letter the history of his principal accomplishments to show that, in my opinion, even were Rustin not gay, honoring his memory by naming the new Richard Montgomery Cluster elementary school after him would be the best choice. 

Sincerely,

David S. Fishback, Maryland Advocacy Chair
Metro DC Chapter of PFLAG
Olney MD 

BRIDGET BAILEY LIPSCOMB FOR D.C. BAR PRESIDENT-ELECT





One of the joys of being a career attorney at the U. S. Department of Justice was having the opportunity to work with people who shared my commitment to quality public service.

A decade ago, I met Bridget Bailey Lipscomb, who was then an attorney in the FTCA Section of the DOJ Civil Division, where I served as an Assistant Director in the Environmental Torts Section.  When I retired nearly five years ago, I was pleased that Bridget was appointed to succeed me.  Her reputation as a top-notch attorney and colleague was fully justified. 

I urge members of the D.C. Bar to vote for Bridget to be D.C. Bar President-Elect.  Electronic voting at www.dcbar.org/vote opens on April 23 and closes on May 18.  The information on her website ( www.bridgetscampaign.com ) demonstrates her effectiveness as a 15-year public servant with  a long history of dedicated service to the Bar and the community.  Bridget plans to focus on making the Bar more welcoming to and inclusive of all members, and supporting and enhancing the Bar's commitment to access to justice through innovation and collaboration with additional groups.  So far, Bridget has been endorsed by Katherine Mazzaferri, Cynthia Hill, and Maureen Syracuse, nine past presidents, current and former members of the Board of Governors, the Washington Bar Association, and many other bar leaders. 

My endorsement is also based on my assessment of her character and wisdom.  On her website, Bridget lists her 2009 presentation at Temple Emanuel’s annual Martin Luther King, Jr. Shabbat Service, on the eve of the first Obama Inaugural.  As a member of  Temple Emanuel, I invited her to speak on The Joshua Generation in the Promised Land.  What she conveyed that evening is reflective of the person I have come to know.  Her text may be found at http://davidfishback.blogspot.com/2018/01/2009-mlk-service-at-temple-emanuel.html   I have also pasted it here:

I. Introduction – The Promise of This Land

Good evening. Cantor Boxt, my brothers and my sisters in faith – Shabbat Shalom. I would like to personally thank David Fishback, my colleague at the United States Department of Justice, for inviting me to spend this special evening with you.
My topic tonight is "The Joshua Generation In the Promised Land." David informed you that I am a member of what President-elect Obama calls "The Joshua Generation" – the descendants of those who wandered in the desert of injustice for centuries, and who now enter the promised land. And, as I hope to explain this evening, you, too, are a part of the Joshua Generation.

But what is that Promised Land? It is not a special location. Rather, the place is right where we've been – here in America, what some have called the New Jerusalem. But what's important is not the place, but the promise. We do not enter a new land, but the land we have long dwelt in is now transformed by the fulfillment of a very old promise.
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." When those words were first made the foundation of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, they clearly were not universally applied. Millions of Americans at that time were held in perpetual bondage. And the author of the phrase, Thomas Jefferson, was himself a slaveowner. The statement was an aspiration, a promise, made by a few brave citizens of a British colony. It was a promise to be fulfilled, hopefully, in the future of that nation.

For African Americans, that promise remained hidden for almost 100 years, until Abraham Lincoln made it the foundation of his Gettysburg Address in 1863. Lincoln ennobled both our nation and its Civil War by explicitly stating that fulfilling this promise was the goal for which all citizens – Black and White – had suffered so much in his time. "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."

Progress toward that goal was halting over the next century, until Dr. Martin Luther King made that same idea the foundation of his life's work and his "I Have a Dream" speech. In 1963, at the foot of the great civic temple to Lincoln in Washington, DC, Dr. King restated the founding promise of America for all the world to hear when he said, "I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal."

In 1963, it was still a dream that our nation would "live out the true meaning of its creed." But the promise of equality in the Declaration, the Gettysburg Address and the I Have A Dream speech was that some day Americans would really know that truth. And act on it, and live our lives by it. And even VOTE on it. On November 4, 2008, we all lived it. Racial equality is no longer a REMOTE dream. Praise God! And Lincoln and King! And the Electoral College! The dream of racial equality NOW has a stronger promise of being realized in short order.

Of course, racial bigotry still rests in the hearts of many Americans, but they are a small minority and dying out fast. And the effects of centuries of racial bigotry remain with us today and will for some time. Fulfilling the founding promise does not change that. But it does mean that we, the Joshua Generation, get to start actually living what used to be only a dream.

II. The Journey of the Joshua Generation

To me, there are two core obligations on those of us in the Joshua Generation – Remembrance and Perseverance. Those of us who descend from historically-oppressed people, particularly those of us who attain some measure of success, must always remember and honor the sacrifice of those who came before. Their efforts live on in us and remembering them brings them forth to our present, where they share in our bounty. And they spur us on in the great work of expanding the divine gifts of freedom, justice and love.

I know that I was only permitted to achieve my goals because of the those in the Moses Generation of Dr. King. Their memory pushes me to smooth the road for those who come after me, and I am tasked with the duty and have the responsibility to do all things well. When I speak to young children, I emphasize "EXCELLENCE." Excellence is always my goal. I may not attain the goal every time, but I must try. In other words, as a member of the Joshua Generation, I have an obligation to be fully-prepared and then some for every court hearing. I have an obligation to make sure that every legal brief I file, is exceptional. You see, I realize that even in 2009, many African American lawyers who appear before the judges whom I have practiced before may be unconsciously judged by my performance. I realize that even in 2009, when I appear in a courtroom, some of my colleagues and/or some judges perceive me as an average or maybe even less than average lawyer because of the color of my skin. So, I must show "excellence" to dispel the image, so that someday there will not be even unconscious negative preconceptions.

As a member of the Joshua Generation, I have an obligation to be responsible, ethical and compassionate.

As a member of the Joshua Generation, I have an obligation to give back to the community. For me, that means meeting, mentoring, helping, and never forgetting those less fortunate. Showing them what the results of hard work and dedication look like.

You here at Temple Emanuel know this – you are heavily involved in charitable projects on, among other things, environmental, economic and medical interests. You take seriously the Jewish tradition of Tikkun Olam  – repairing the world. The work of the members of this Congregation demonstrates that you are living up to the responsibilities of the Joshua Generation. We all have those responsibilities, whatever our race or religion.

As a member of the Joshua Generation, I believe, as this Temple exemplifies, that I should work toward something bigger than myself or my own self interests. One of the ways I did this recently was to work in the presidential campaign.

       III.  Trinity United Church of Christ

I began working on the campaign in January 2008. President-elect Obama got on my radar screen several years earlier, when my mom would call me and talk about this intelligent, confident and compassionate young man who was running for the United States Senate from Illinois. Obama captured the interest of most Chicagoans. My family and friends were no different. My connection to Senator Obama was more than political; it was also spiritual because he and his wife were members of my Chicago church, Trinity United Church of Christ.

So, after I learned that Obama was a member of Trinity, I felt a bond with him. While I never met Obama at Trinity, I met him one day with my mother in his U.S. Senate office without an appointment. Notwithstanding his busy schedule, he met with us and treated us as if we were his only appointment for the day. This was an early indication of the type of person he is. When the rumors swirled that Obama was contemplating a run for the presidency, I made up my mind that if he decided to run, I was going to do everything I could for his campaign. And I did.

       IV.  Working On The 2008 Presidential Campaign

My experiences with the Obama campaign changed my life – and not just because we won. I saw things that I never expected to see in my lifetime. I saw Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s dream. I lived his dream. I saw Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans -- Protestants, Jews, Catholics, Muslims, Buddhist, agnostics, atheists, and religious people who do not prescribe to a denomination -- young and old, gay and straight, rich and poor, and the disabled working together toward a common goal – CHANGE. Everyone was on equal footing in the campaign office. I saw LOVE in action. I saw respect in action. I saw rich people working with and assisting poor people. I saw people from red states and blue states traveling to different parts of the country to assist with the primary election. I saw Republicans, Democrats and Independents working together for the campaign and for the common good. And it was something to behold.

Then came the actual election – and that CHANGED MY LIFE EVEN MORE! This election taught me that America has become what it always said it was. It was apparent to me that the country had changed right before my eyes and I was oblivious to it. Pres-elect Obama often said during the election that only in America could his story be possible. Prior to this election, I thought America had not changed much from what it was 40 years ago. I have never been so happy to be so wrong.

I know I have been very fortunate in my life, but I often wondered whether I was an exception. I felt that the overwhelming majority of American people still held deep-seeded discriminatory views. I was of the belief that America would "let a few of us through" - Thurgood Marshall, Colin Powell, Condoleezza Rice, Senator Obama and, on a much smaller scale, Bridget Bailey Lipscomb - but I thought that was as far as we could go.

I knew there were many Americans who had moved past our history of racial bias, but I didn't think there were enough. I did not believe that a majority of American voters would judge a Black man running for the highest office in the land on the content of his character rather than by the color of his skin. During the presidential campaign, many African Americans awakened to the fact that they live in a different America. It was a transformation for me, and for many African Americans – a transformation I look forward to watching play out as we move forward together.

V. Commemorating the Dream

 It is fitting to commemorate Dr. Martin Luther King's birthday this year by celebrating the leap forward that we, as Americans, took on November 4th – when we elected the first African American President of the United States of America. I love to say this, "The 44th President of the United States of America - Barack Obama."

Since ancient times the Jewish people have been known as "the people of the book" – the Torah. In the Catholic school I attended, it was called "the Pentateuch." It is said that these five books -- Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy – were inspired by God and written by Moses. These books lay the foundation not only of the Jewish faith, but of the Christian and Muslim creeds as well. To me, two things stand out in these ancient writings – one, the emphasis on ritual to bind us to the past, to God, and to our community.

The other thing that stands out to me in these great books is the wide prevalence of different forms of slavery throughout the ancient world. Yes, slavery was widespread throughout the ancient Roman and Greek eras, and the great Egyptian civilizations before that. It likely existed for thousands of years before that. But one thing we do know for sure – from the time humans started writing about themselves, there was slavery and it continued unchecked into THIS country's old South. The prevalence of slavery in the ancient Holy books was often used to JUSTIFY the institution and perpetuate it in America long past the time that its moral repugnance was well known among the nations of the world. But the glory of our common scripture and religious heritage is that we have learned to capture its essence, WITHOUT being bound to practices which were of a time and place NOT OURS.

The "peculiar institution" of chattel slavery continued more than 200 long years in this troubled land, until ended by President Lincoln, and those citizens who elected him.

It is not surprising that an abomination like slavery, that persisted in human societies for thousands of years, and in America for more than 200 years, would leave us with a prolonged time in which its evil effects remained present. These eras are often subdivided and labeled – Reconstruction, Jim Crow, the Civil Rights era – but to me it is all part of one era, the post-slavery era. And I believe we will see the BEGINNING of the end of this post-slavery era on Tuesday, January 20, 2009, when Barack Obama -- a man whose skin tone would have made him a SLAVE when Lincoln was elected, places his hand on a Bible – a Bible last used by Abraham Lincoln at his inaugural – and swears his oath to accept the position of leader of this land as freely chosen by its people. And when he does, a roar of jubilation will shoot through America like it has never known. That feeling, that sound, will be representative of the lifting of the burden of hundreds of years of oppression and suffering that will HOPEFULLY, HOPEFULLY soon be cast off by all.

I believe that Barack Obama's inauguration is a milestone in the realization of Dr. King's "Dream." In my heart, I believe that in his dream, Dr. King envisioned such a day: A day when a person elected based on the "content of his character" rather than the color of his skin would begin to lead our whole nation on a journey in which we all would try to fulfill the promise that could be America. Dr. King told a crowd, shortly before his death, "I may not get there with you. But . . . we, as a people, will get to the Promised Land." Like Moses, Dr. King, from the mountain top, saw into the Promised Land. As Dr. King's friend Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel wrote, "To guide the pupil to the promised land, he must have been there himself." Dr. King was there. And we are all Dr. King's pupils.

Because Dr. King, Rabbi Heschel, Rosa Parks, Rep. John Lewis, James Chaney, Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman, Justice Thurgood Marshall and Phineas Indritz (a Temple member - now deceased - who wrote an amicus brief in Brown v. Board) worked and marched, because they sacrificed and prayed and endured – and sometimes died. Because they had to sit at the back of the bus, because they were beaten and had to endure the force of water hoses and dogs let loose, because they had to go through the era of Jim Crow -- President-elect Obama was able to attend Harvard Law School, and become a law professor, and a state senator, and a U.S. Senator. And he was able to be elected president of the United States of America. Because Pres-elect Obama is standing on these and other shoulders, he and his family are about to move into 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue.

President-elect Obama has said that he is part of the "Joshua Generation.." In March, 2007, at Brown Chapel in Selma, Alabama (the cradle of the civil rights movement), Obama said, "I'm here because somebody marched. I'm here because you all sacrificed for me. I stand on the shoulders of giants. I thank the Moses generation . . . . As great as Moses was, despite all he did, leading a people out of bondage, he didn't cross over the river to see the Promised Land.. God told him your job is done. You'll see it. You'll see what I've promised. . . ..You will see that I've fulfilled that promise but you won't get there. We're going to leave it to the Joshua generation to make sure it happens."

We are now reaching the metaphorical Promised Land. And we, the Joshua Generation – not just African Americans, but all Americans – who have so benefitted from the struggle of our forebears, have the RESPONSIBILITY to truly make it, in the words of scripture, a "land flowing with milk and honey." A land where all of us can live in peace and freedom and abundance.

Finally, America has shown the world that it is fulfilling its unique promise – the binding up of the wounds from slavery, accomplished by the descendants of slaves working side by side with the descendants of slave-owners. This inauguration moves us toward a more perfect union where "all men (and women) are created equal." As Dr. King would say, let justice "roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream."

Thank you for having me. SHALOM.